Friday, December 27, 2019

Determinants of Substance Abuse Free Essay Example, 3750 words

The third method is quite useful in explaining that such an individual may have picked up the substance-abusing nature by adopting the habit from people around him/her. The three methods highlighted above would be useful in carrying out the initial investigation about a patient s biological connection with substance-abusing behavior. Psychological factors: There are some psychological factors that could lead to continuous abuse of substances in people. For example, a young man who is the product of a broken home and witnessed violent quarrels between his parents might opt for a dangerous substance to escape the uncomfortable world he has found himself. Likewise, mental problems could spark the urge to depend on drugs or alcohol as a means of escapism (Berger, 1991). Therefore, it is usually appropriate to inquire about the patient s upbringing, mental state, and the external influences before one can completely understand why the individual has chosen to depend on dangerous substanc es. Sociological factors: the emergence of substance-abusing behavior in an individual could also be traced to the fact that people can pick up a bad habit from their societies through mere imitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Determinants of Substance Abuse or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page There are some methods proposed to do this, but the commonest one is the RP model proposed by Marlatt Gordon (1985) which explains that both immediate determinants

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Racism Racism And Racism - 1003 Words

racism: Racism-â€Å"the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.† Imagine, 5 black men. Singing a church song still faithful for hope. Chained and cuffed together. Flies follow them as they walk by in the dry hot desert. With the white oppressor behind them yelling nasty words that poison their brain. Yet they still sing and wait and keep faith. In some states like , Illinois, `Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas (etc)20% of every 100,000,000 million people are affected by racism. Compared to other countries like islam there isn’t racism which makes America sound pretty low. Like a big country full of jerks and broken hearts, dreams, and desires. America is racist biased in multiple ways like: â€Å"Studies show that police are more likely to pull over and frisk blacks or Latinos than whites. In New York City, 80% of the stops made were blacks and Latinos, and 85% of those people were frisked, compared to a mere 8% of white people stopped.† Also â€Å"The memory of the mistreatment of one of his players still haunted him, and he secretly set out to find an African American who could integrate baseball. Rickey could have recruited the best player from the Negro Leagues, but he knew he needed more. He needed a player with tremendous self-confidence and self-esteem, but most importantly, he needed someone who could conduct himself with dignity andShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embe dded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. Another assumption is that racism derives from the capitalism of the slave trade by white elitist men seeking to dehumanize people for economic gain, and used racism as a way to mask their financial motives to justify enslavementRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism953 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America â€Å"Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to destroy. It is the enemy of freedom, and it deserves to be met head-on and stamped out.† - Pierre Berton Racism is the unjust hate for any people who are simply different for a various array of reasons. It is all around us and always will be, but that does not give us the right to be passive on the subject. This discrimination against culturally diverse people is hurting our â€Å" land of the free†, one racist remark at a time.Read MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1181 Words   |  5 PagesThis issue of racism is popular by name but tends to be sugar coated by the way people see it. In order to truly understand racism you need to take a bite into the topic in order to get a taste of what it is really like. Racism comes in many different forms and can be seen many different ways. But why even care about racism at all? Why does it even matter? One would think that with such a harsh background regarding racism in America it would no longer exist in society today. But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500sRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then m ake no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody understands that it is racist to hate a groupRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism996 Words   |  4 PagesCovert Racism Introduction Racism; ‘the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012) and thus leading to ‘abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012). Over time, racism has transformed from a blatant and overt form into a passive style of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1094 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been an issue that has caused controversial debates for years. It is a topic that stirs up lots of emotions within people and continues to be an argument for all. When there has been a shooting between a white and a colored or a cop and a colored person, people blame it on racism. They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism In Racism764 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is not new in the West. For that matter, more or less, in other parts of the world as well. But let me focus on the West, where racism has returned with a vengeance once again. As in the past, this racism will end in tear and bloodshed as well.   There was a time when Westerners treated non-Whites as sub-human. They liquidated the locals in Australia, New Zealand, America, Canada, and so many other countries and appropriated from themselves everything the locals had.  So the Red Indians, Aborigines

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Professional Issues of IT for Cultural and Issues- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Issues of IT for Cultural and Issues. Answer: Introduction This report consists of two case studies that are analyzed properly based on their social, ethical, cultural and legal issues. This report outlines the ethical standards of the ICT solutions maintained for the social benefits of the organization. In the given case study, an internal website company is trying to test the website of their company both the internal and external testing process. The company is willing to include equal proportion of internal and external participants in the usability testing [1]. The internal testing of the website of the company is maintained by the internal employees of the company. The internal employees are not willing to involve the external participants in the usability test. Therefore, there are sine ethical issues are imitating n the scenario. The ICT department id the company have to maintain the situation and analyses the ethical, social and cultural issues. The involvement of the external participants helps in analyzing the impact of the services provided by the company with the help of the website in the market. The feedbacks of the external participants are helpful for the analyzing the loopholes and gaps in the working of the website of the company. An online survey might be organized during the usability test that might help in collecting the data and information of the company. The contents of the website and external participant together help in analyzing the loopholes and gaps in the website [2]. The usability testing of the website include the analysis of the design and developing module of the website. Therefore, both the designer and developer of the team have to be consulted for the usability testing. According to the ACS, the primary public interest of the participants is necessary or the development of the website in the market. The code of honesty is important during the consent of the testing in the company [3]. The results and outcomes of the testing has to be maintained properly and kept secured. The competence with the stakeholders of the company is an important part for the usability testing. Therefore, the code of the professionalism has been an important part in the maintenance of both external and internal participants of the testing is important for their expertise in the role of the ICT in the industry. The purpose of the consent for the external participant have offered the professionalism of the internal participants of the company. The internal participants feels quizzed for the usability testing of the website [4]. This helps in analyzing the testing of the website in proper way. The use of the ACS in the usability testing of the website of the company have helped in analyzing the contingency factors included in the internal and external participants of the testing [5]. This has provided flexibility to the participants to join or leave the testing purpose at any time of the process. The case scenario depicts an apologizing speech of former Prime Minister Rudd on the behalf of the Australian government. He has apologizes for the policies and laws that are implemented on the public causing sufferings and loss. They have apologize for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their families. This has caused many ethical dilemmas in the society of the Australia. The laws and policies have blocked the close gap between the culture, educational achievement and life expectancy. The speaker have pointed out the daily basic need of the common public and tried to win the language game. The speaker have spoken about the emotions of the people that have ignited the trust among the public [6]. This has created a huge interest among the public for the speaker. The speaker has focused on the indigenous and non-indigenous Australians in the government that has been opposing the new chapter story of the state. Procrastination is the act of postponing any task or action at own will. The procrastination is the act that ca happen in any field of work or at home. This is the act of the laziness and it committing towards the work. Procrastination shows the struggle in the self-control over performing a work [7]. I used to play games during my studies that shows my procrastinate behavior towards my studies. I think the prime minister has procrastinate behavior in making the laws and order for the people of the society. The prime minister has not thought about the future of the people of the society in the Australia [8]. I think that the possibilities of the new plans and opportunities for the Australians has been lost due to the procrastinate behavior of the prime minister. Time management Description Week 1-3 Learning Describe I was a studying in my school and my examinations were in next one month. I used to postpone my studies day by day that becomes a habit for me. I used to play games during this time leaving my studies. I managed my time by making a routine including my studies and games, and got good marks in examination. Explore I explored that I am able to perform time management that provides me good marks. On the other hand I explored that I became lazy and lathergetic. Evaluate I analyzed that my habit of procrastination is causing adverse effects on me and I am getting lazy. I have developed a daily routine that has helped me in getting rid of the procrastination. I have self-analyzed and prepared a To Do List of my daily activities. I am visualizing and focusing on my daily routine and strictly following it. Plan I am going to take following steps: Prepare a To Do List Prepare a priority table Focusing and Visualizing on the routine Self-Monitoring Time management Conclusion It can be concluded that both the case studies have focused on the ethical, social and cultural values. The term procrastination has been described and solutions to remove it has been provided. The social aspects of the testing includes the voluntary participation of the participants in the usability testing. The self-reflection has been described in the report that helps in putting off procrastination. References Gunn J, Taylor P. Forensic psychiatry: clinical, legal and ethical issues. CRC Press; 2014 Jan 6. Miller S, Blackler J. Ethical issues in policing. Routledge; 2017 Mar 2. Dimond R. Social and ethical issues in mitochondrial donation. British medical bulletin. 2015 Sep;115(1):173. Hen M, Goroshit M. Academic procrastination, emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and GPA: A comparison between students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of learning disabilities. 2014 Mar;47(2):116-24. Gustavson DE, Miyake A, Hewitt JK, Friedman NP. Genetic relations among procrastination, impulsivity, and goal-management ability: Implications for the evolutionary origin of procrastination. Psychological Science. 2014 Jun;25(6):1178-88. Rozental A, Forsell E, Svensson A, Andersson G, Carlbring P. Internet-based cognitivebehavior therapy for procrastination: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2015 Aug;83(4):808. Katz I, Eilot K, Nevo N. Ill do it later: Type of motivation, self-efficacy and homework procrastination. Motivation and Emotion. 2014 Feb 1;38(1):111-9. Ferrari JR, Daz-Morales JF. Procrastination and mental health coping: A brief report related to students. Individual differences research. 2014 Mar 1;12(1):8-11.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Environmental Issues and Unsustainable Tourism

Introduction Environmental concerns have taken the centre stage in economic debates since the late 1960. In many cases, the economic debates focus on productive and exhaustible resources. Moreover, the current debates touch on natural resources, and try to determine the economic benefits of the environment and impacts of its overuse, pollution, and degradation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Environmental Issues and Unsustainable Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Environment, quality of life, and economic activities are interdependent. To lead a quality life and to engage in productive economic activities, we need to have a sustainable environment. One of the economic activities that depend on the environment is tourism. Natural resources like lakes, mountains, beaches, rivers, and cities are the main sources of tourism attraction. Any exhaustion of these assets might slow down the development of tou rism business. Tourism exerts pressure to natural and synthetic resources and poses a threat to the environment. Cooper et al. posit, â€Å"In view of the fact that tourists have to visit the place of production in order to consume the output, it is inevitable that tourism activity is associated with environmental impacts† (1998, p. 149). Apart from exerting pressure on the natural environment, tourism also exerts pressure on the cultural environment leading to ruin of cultural practices and values of the communities living in the developing countries. Because of scarce financial and knowledge resources, developing countries are unable to meet the required environmental standards. Given the modern level of environmental concerns, tourism in the developing world is unsustainable. This paper will focus on some of the environmental issues that make tourism in developing countries unsustainable. Sustainable tourism The world Tourism Organization (WTO) describes sustainable touris m as â€Å"Tourism which leads to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be filled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems† (2002, p. 7). Since natural resources make up the main source of tourist attraction, states should factor in sustainability when developing their tourism industries. In addition, as many residents and tourists become aware of the importance of sustainable tourism, they are forcing the government and tourism firms to engage in activities that guarantee sustainability. Currently, countries and tourism firms are adopting the idea of ‘viable tourism’ to enhance sustainability.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main snag that is affecting tourism in developing countries is environmental depletion. Government an d tourism firms are working hard to see that they come up with environmentally friendly tourism activities (Williams Shaw 2003). Today, developing countries have established environmental regulations that the tourism industry ought to follow. Nevertheless, complexity and fragmentation of the tourism industry make it hard for countries to enforce the regulations. How environmental concerns affect tourism Indisputably, tourism is a leading source of revenue and employment, particularly in the developing countries. Nevertheless, tourism is a business that depends on the frailest cultural and natural environments. Any innocent and trivial human action might cause problems to the existing environmental resources. This challenges sustainable tourism in the majority of the developing countries. Philippines are one of the developing states that depend on tourism (Alampay 2007). The country considers tourism as one of its crucial economic weapons. Nevertheless, the tourism industry, togethe r with the Philippines’ tourist markets has become more conscious of the depressing environmental costs that result from tourism development. This has made it hard for the country to achieve sustainable tourism since it requires adopting novel development techniques, which would yield environmentally sensitive tourism products. Such techniques are extremely expensive for a developing country like Philippines. Williams and Shaw (2003) allege that the growth of tourism in the developing countries has led to the countries experiencing immense environmental problems. For these countries to attain sustainable tourism, they should address the environmental concerns facing them. Tourism has resulted in depletion of numerous natural resources, environmental pollution, and has endangered a number of natural resources. Efforts by the developing countries to address these challenges bear no substantial results since the countries lack adequate financial capital and technological experti se (Williams Shaw 2003). It becomes hard for the countries to attain sustainable tourism as tourists stop visiting the countries gradually as resources are depleted.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Environmental Issues and Unsustainable Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of the environmental challenges that tourism poses to the majority of countries across the globe, countries came together to formulate policies that would help to mitigate poor exploitation of natural resources. Presently, numerous international conventions and protocols that aim to help in environmental conservation are in place. In 1992, countries assembled in Rio Brazil and came up with guidelines that all countries ought to follow to attain sustainable tourism and environmental conservation (Wong 2000). Currently, institutions bestowed with the responsibility of conserving the environment, like United Nations Environmenta l Programme (UNEP) call for all countries to be conscious of the environment when developing their tourism industries. In many developing countries, tourism development is highly polarised leading to environmental challenges. The countries are unable to improve the quality of life for the visiting tourists as well as the local people. This threatens the sustainability of the tourism industry (Williams Shaw 2003). Besides the depletion of natural resources, tourism imposes pressure on resources like water, food, and energy. Moreover, it contributes to littering of the environment with solid waste. In countries like South Africa, tourism has triggered deforestation as investors construct tourism facilities. This has led to UNEP commanding the South African government to stop further depletion of environment in the name of tourism development. With the current emphasis on environmental conservation, it would be extremely hard for South Africa to attain sustainable tourism. In South Af rica, the tourism industry is already posing a serious threat to water resources in the coastal region as well as leading to pollution of the natural beaches. The pollution is posing a threat to marine life and as well as to the community, that lives around the ocean. The cost of maintaining these beaches is high relative to revenues obtained from the tourism industry. Consequently, as South Africa is under pressure to conserve the environment, it would be hard for the country to strike a balance between environmental conservation and sustainable tourism (Cooper et al. 1998). The same tourists that contribute to environmental degradation consider environmental factors when identifying the place to visit. South Africa struggles to maintain its natural beaches, which suffer from pollution.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Failure to maintain the beaches would lead to the country losing many tourists. Unfortunately, the same tourists that are particularly concerned about the environment are responsible for beach pollution. The country faces challenges in striking a balance between tourism and environmental conservation along the coast. If this trend continues, it will be hard for the South African government and private investors to sustain tourism activities at the coastal areas (Brierton 2003). In a majority of the developing countries, tourism industry is facing a serious threat due to climatic changes. Currently, global warming is high in the majority of the developing countries. Areas that were once tourist attraction sites, now suffer from perennial floods and diseases. Many people opt to tour certain countries hoping to enjoy a comfortable environment and beautiful sceneries (Hashimoto 1999). Nevertheless, the situation is changing in the majority of the developing countries. Environmental conc erns are leading to some countries slowing down their endeavour to develop the tourism industry. For instance, in Maldives Island, environmental challenges are frustrating the effort to achieve sustainable tourism. Tourism activities have contributed to increase in sea level within the island. In return, it has become hard to sustain tourism industry in Maldives Island. Hall (2008) and Scott, McBoyle and Schwartzentruber (2008) allege that developing countries in Africa, South America and the Caribbean do not understand the precise effects of environmental concerns on the tourism industry. Scott et al. Posit, â€Å"Tourists have the greatest capacity to adapt to the impacts of environmental changes, with relative freedom to avoid destinations impacted by environmental changes† (2008, p. 106). Personal safety, climate, travel cost, and natural environment are some of the factors that tourists consider when deciding which country to visit. One of the challenges that developing countries encounter is the inability to predict and deal with environmental changes (Hall 2008). Tourism industry in Kenya suffers from unpredictable weather changes, which pose a threat to tourists. As individuals and institutions wishing to invest in the tourism industry continue to emphasize on environmental conservation, developing countries like Kenya, which do not have the capacity to deal with natural catastrophes that affect the environment are unlikely to attain sustainable tourism. Since the majority of the developing countries lack long-term strategies for addressing environmental changes, majority of the investors are likely to direct their investments to developed countries. Majority of the developing countries depends on natural resources and cultural values as their main sources of tourist attraction. As tourists visit certain regions, these resources become scarce (Middleton Hawkins 2004). Moreover, they neutralize cultural values depriving the region its sole sourc e of tourist attraction. Paradoxically, when natural resources and local culture begin to die away, tourists feel robbed of their genuine experiences. Majority of the developing countries encourage mass arrival of tourists because it leads to increase in revenue. However, they do not understand that the influx leads to degradation of the cultural environment, which eventually renders some regions unattractive. As more tourists continue visiting African countries like South Africa and Kenya, many of the local communities continue adopting the western culture and abandoning their cultures, which act as the main sources of tourist attraction (Mihalic 2000). Hence, with time, it would be hard for developing countries like Kenya to continue witnessing large number of tourists who visit the country to share in its cultural environment. This underlines the reason why the Kenyan government encourages communities like the Maasai to uphold their cultures (Akama 2007). Conclusion Tourism indus try is one of the industries that support economic development in many developing countries. The countries invest heavily in the industry. However, increase in environmental concerns is frustrating the effort by developing countries to attain sustainable tourism. Majority of the tourist activities contributes to depletion of natural resources and cultural environment. Today, developing countries are under immense pressure to lower their rate of environmental pollution. These environmental concerns put the developing countries in a dilemma of conserving the environment and sacrificing the tourism industry or doing the opposite. Currently, the world countries have come up with regulations that outline the measures that both the developed and developing countries ought to take to conserve the environment. These measures prohibit the developing countries from engaging in activities that contribute to environmental pollution. Consequently, developing countries are unable to attain sustai nable tourism, as they are unable to satisfy all the environmental standards. Recommendations Tourism development contributes to environmental degradation, thus altering natural resources that act as the prime tourist attraction sites. Developing countries need to strike a balance between environmental conservation and tourism. In light of the current need to attain a balance between environmental conservation and tourism growth in the developing countries, the countries should ecolabel the tourism products. Ecolabeling refers to portraying tourism products and firms in a way that encourages tourists to be environmental conscious in all their actions. Besides, through ecolabeling, tourism companies educate tourists concerning the effects of their actions to the environment, in so doing making them adopt environmentally friendly actions. Developing countries may implement ecolabeling in tourism firms such as resorts, hotels and marinas to promote sustainable tourism. The countries ca n assign ecolabels to tourism enterprises they find to have limited effects on the environment. This would give the companies the responsibility of furnishing tourists with information concerning environmental policies they ought to observe when in their countries. This would help the tourists to make informed decisions when selecting the tourism products and services to use when in a country. Moreover, ecolabels would discourage tourists from relating with tourism firms that are not environmentally friendly. Hence, ecolabeling would help developing countries to conserve their environment and at the same time attain sustainable tourism. Reference List Akama, J 2007, ‘Marginalization of the Maasai in Kenya’, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26 no. 1, pp. 716–718. Alampay, R 2007, Sustainable tourism challenges for the Philippines. Web. Brierton, U 2003, ‘Tourism and the environment’, Contours, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 18–19. Cooper, C, Fletcher, J, Gi lbert, D Wanhill, S 1998, Tourism Principles Practice, Longman, London. Hall, C 2008, ‘Tourism and climate change: Knowledge gaps and issues’, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 339-350. Hashimoto, A 1999, ‘Comparative evolutionary trends in environmental policy: Reflections on tourism development’, International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 195–216. Middleton, V Hawkins, R 2004, Sustainable tourism: A marketing perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Mihalic, T 2000, ‘Environmental management of a tourist destination: A factor of tourism competitiveness’, Tourism Management, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 65–78. Scott, D, McBoyle, G Schwartzentruber, M 2008, ‘Climate change and the distribution of climatic resources for tourism in North America’, Climate Research, vol. 27 no. 2, pp. 105-117. Williams, A Shaw, G 2003, Tourism, and Economic Development, Belhaven Press, London. Wong, P 2000, Tourism vs. environment: The case for coastal areas, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. World Tourism Organization 2002, Contributions of the World Tourism Organization to the World Summit on Sustainable Development, World Trade Organization, Johannesburg. 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